With the increasing financial burden on students pursuing a bachelor’s degree, it’s crucial to explore innovative strategies that can accelerate learning and reduce costs. One promising approach is competency-based education, which emphasizes students’ demonstrated mastery of subjects over the traditional Carnegie unit, a system developed in 1906.
The Origin and Obsolescence of the Carnegie Unit
The Carnegie unit was created in 1906 to standardize education and qualify institutions for a pension fund established by Andrew Carnegie. It measures educational attainment based on time spent in the classroom rather than actual learning outcomes. However, this system does not account for individual differences in learning pace and prior knowledge.
The Case for Competency-Based Education
Competency-based education focuses on assessing students’ mastery of subjects, regardless of how or where they acquired their knowledge. This approach acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and experiences that students bring to the classroom and can significantly reduce the time and cost of earning a degree.
In 2005, Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings highlighted the need for “meaningful student learning outcomes” instead of mere seat-time. This call for reform was bolstered by the findings in Academically Adrift (2011), which revealed minimal improvement in key skills among college students despite prolonged study periods.
Practical Benefits and Real-World Relevance
Competency-based education offers numerous advantages:
- Flexibility and Personalization: Students can progress at their own pace, demonstrating their knowledge and skills when ready, rather than adhering to a rigid semester schedule.
- Cost Efficiency: By bypassing redundant coursework, students save on tuition and associated expenses.
- Inclusivity: This model is particularly beneficial for non-traditional students, allowing them to tailor their education to their unique needs and career goals.
Current Implementations and Future Prospects
Several institutions, such as Purdue University-Global and the University of Massachusetts-Global, have already adopted competency-based education models. These programs serve as pioneers, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach.
Addressing Concerns and Ensuring Quality
Critics argue that accelerated learning may compromise academic standards. However, rigorous assessments and evaluations can ensure that students meet high academic standards while allowing them to bypass material they have already mastered.
The Economic Imperative
The rising costs of higher education and the financial instability of many colleges underscore the need for reform. Adopting competency-based education can help institutions remain viable by attracting a broader range of students and providing a more relevant and efficient educational experience.
Conclusion
Transitioning to competency-based education is not without challenges, requiring shifts in institutional culture and pedagogy. However, this change is essential for modernizing higher education, reducing student debt, and meeting the demands of the contemporary economy. By embracing this model, colleges and universities can continue to play a vital role in preparing students for success in the 21st century.
