In recent years, university libraries have undergone a significant transformation, driven by advances in digital technology and changing academic needs. The James B. Hunt Jr. Library at North Carolina State University exemplifies this shift. Renowned for its state-of-the-art facilities and innovative approach, the Hunt Library has embraced digital resources, reducing the emphasis on physical books. This case study explores the implications of this transition, examining both the benefits and potential drawbacks, and considering broader trends in the UNC System and higher education.
The Hunt Library: A New Model for University Libraries
Opened in 2013, the Hunt Library was designed to be a cutting-edge research facility, offering a range of services and resources that go beyond traditional library functions. With over 221,000 square feet spread across five stories, the library features a 390-seat auditorium, an immersion theater, audio rooms, faculty workrooms, student study rooms, a learning commons, and a café. However, what is notably absent is the extensive collection of physical books that one might expect in such a large library.
Instead of the traditional stacks of books, the Hunt Library employs a robotic book-delivery system known as the bookBot. This system can store up to 2 million volumes in 18,000 bins, which are retrieved via a touchscreen interface. While the library does have around 26,000 physical books on display, the majority of its collection is accessed digitally. This approach reflects a broader trend in university libraries towards digital resources and away from physical collections.
The Digital Transformation of the UNC System
The shift towards digital resources is not unique to the Hunt Library. Across the UNC System, libraries are increasingly focusing on digital collections. Between 2016 and 2021, the number of physical books in UNC libraries decreased from 12.4 million to 11.3 million, an 8.9% drop. In contrast, digital books increased from 9.2 million to 14.8 million, a nearly 61% rise. This trend is consistent across most campuses, with some institutions experiencing significant increases in their digital collections. For example, the UNC School of the Arts saw a 1,465% growth in digital books, while N.C. Central University’s digital collection expanded by 1,072%.
This shift is driven by several factors. The increasing availability and affordability of digital resources, the need to support remote learning, and the desire to optimize physical space are all contributing to the move towards digital collections. Additionally, digital resources offer several advantages, including easier access, the ability to search text, and the potential for interactive features.
Benefits of the Digital Shift
The transition to digital resources offers numerous benefits for both students and faculty. Digital collections are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection, making it easier for students to access the materials they need for their studies. This is particularly important for remote learning, which has become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital resources also allow for more efficient use of physical space in libraries, freeing up room for collaborative workspaces, technology labs, and other amenities.
Moreover, digital resources can be updated more easily than physical books, ensuring that students have access to the most current information. They also offer interactive features, such as multimedia content and hyperlinks, which can enhance the learning experience. For example, e-books can include videos, simulations, and other digital enhancements that are not possible with print books.
Challenges and Concerns
Despite the many benefits, the digital shift also raises several concerns. One of the most significant is the potential for digital manipulation of content. As digital resources become more prevalent, there is a risk that the content could be altered or censored to conform to political, cultural, or social pressures. This concern is not unfounded, as seen in recent controversies over the rewriting of classic books to remove language or ideas deemed offensive by contemporary standards.
Additionally, the reliance on digital resources could exacerbate issues of digital inequality. Not all students have equal access to the technology needed to use digital resources effectively. Those without reliable internet access or adequate devices may find themselves at a disadvantage. Furthermore, there is the question of the long-term preservation of digital resources. Physical books can last for centuries if properly cared for, but digital formats may become obsolete or corrupted over time, posing a risk to the preservation of knowledge.
The Role of Physical Books in Modern Libraries
While digital resources offer many advantages, physical books still play an important role in university libraries. They provide a sense of permanence and reliability that digital resources sometimes lack. Physical books are also crucial for certain types of research, particularly in the humanities, where the physical qualities of a book—such as its layout, paper quality, and binding—can be important.
Moreover, many students and faculty still prefer physical books for various reasons. Some find it easier to concentrate and retain information when reading from a physical book rather than a screen. Others appreciate the tactile experience of handling a book and the ability to annotate pages. As such, a balanced approach that incorporates both digital and physical resources may be the most effective way to meet the diverse needs of the academic community.
Student Perspectives on the Digital Shift
Student reactions to the digital shift at the Hunt Library are mixed. Some students, like Shrutika Kumareshan, a senior biology major, believe that the digital shift does not diminish the intellectual atmosphere of the library. Kumareshan notes that seeing other students engaged in serious study, even with digital devices, is motivating. However, she also expresses some reservations about replacing books with digital materials.
Bruno Linhales, an engineering student from Brazil, appreciates the convenience of digital resources, noting that they are easier to carry and access. However, he also raises concerns about the potential for digital manipulation and the reliance on technology controlled by others. This sentiment highlights the need for vigilance and transparency in the management of digital resources.
The Future of University Libraries
Looking ahead, it is likely that university libraries will continue to evolve, incorporating more digital resources while maintaining a core collection of physical books. The trend towards digital-first purchasing models is expected to continue, driven by the demand for remote learning resources and budget constraints. However, as ACRL President Erin Ellis and Vice President Beth McNeil note, an entirely bookless library is not on the horizon. Physical books and primary resources are essential for a comprehensive and inclusive academic collection.
University libraries will also need to address the challenges associated with digital resources, including ensuring equitable access, preventing digital manipulation, and preserving digital content for the long term. Libraries must continue to serve as centers for learning and research, providing not only resources but also the expertise and support needed to navigate the increasingly complex information landscape.
Conclusion
The James B. Hunt Jr. Library at N.C. State University represents a new model for university libraries, one that prioritizes digital resources and innovative facilities over traditional book collections. This shift reflects broader trends in higher education and offers numerous benefits, including increased accessibility, efficient use of space, and enhanced learning experiences. However, it also raises important concerns about digital manipulation, digital inequality, and the preservation of knowledge.
Balancing the advantages of digital resources with the enduring value of physical books is crucial for the future of university libraries. By addressing the challenges and embracing the opportunities presented by digital technology, libraries can continue to play a vital role in supporting academic success and fostering a culture of learning and discovery.
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