The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has introduced a new syllabus for Class X and XII, bringing significant changes to grading, assessment, and skill-based education. The revised policies aim to enhance students’ understanding, problem-solving skills, and practical knowledge application.
Passing Criteria for Class X
Students must score at least 33% in each subject to pass the Class X board exams. However, if a student fails a core subject like mathematics, science, or social science but passes a skill-based or optional language course, the passing subject can replace the failed one in the overall result calculation.
For instance, if a student fails mathematics but passes a skill-based subject, the marks of the skill-based subject will be considered in place of mathematics. This approach aims to reduce academic pressure and provide students with alternative pathways to success.
Two Board Exams for Class X
Starting from the 2025–2026 academic year, Class X students will have the opportunity to take two board exams annually—one in February and another in April. This system allows students to improve their scores within the same academic year. However, this policy is still in the draft stage and is awaiting final approval.
Meanwhile, the Class XII board exams will continue to be held once a year, with the 2026 exams scheduled to begin on February 17, 2026.
Revised Grading System for Class X and XII
CBSE is replacing its existing five-point grading system with a nine-point scoring scheme for Class X and XII board exams. Under this system:
- Students will be assigned grades based on performance, with one grade slot given for every 1/8th of the passed students.
- This method ensures a more accurate assessment of students’ knowledge and skills.
Introduction of Skill-Based Subjects in Class X
CBSE is promoting skill-based education by introducing new subjects for Class X, including:
- Computer Applications (Code 165)
- Information Technology (Code 402)
- Artificial Intelligence (Code 417)
Additionally, students in Classes IX and X must now choose between Hindi or English as one of their two language subjects.
New Skill-Based Courses for Class XII
To enhance employability and practical learning, CBSE has introduced new skill-based courses for Class XII students, including:
- Land Transportation Associate
- Physical Activity Trainer
- Design Thinking and Innovation
- Electronics and Hardware
Use of Calculators in Class XII
Beginning in the 2025–2026 academic year, CBSE will allow students to use simple, non-programmable calculators during the Class XII Accountancy board exams. This decision aims to assist students in handling complex financial calculations more efficiently.
New Teaching Methods
CBSE has emphasized a shift from rote learning to inquiry-based and hands-on learning. Schools are encouraged to implement:
- Project-Based Learning: Encouraging students to solve real-world problems.
- Inquiry-Driven Learning: Promoting critical thinking and curiosity over memorization.
- Tech-Enabled Learning: Integrating digital tools, AI, and online platforms into teaching.
- Collaborative Lesson Planning: Teachers adapting lessons based on student needs.
The focus is to improve comprehension, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills rather than mere memorization.
New Assessment System
CBSE is revamping student assessments to focus on real-world application and deep understanding of concepts. Exams will now emphasize:
- Critical Thinking
- Practical Application of Knowledge
- Analytical Skills
- Conceptual Clarity
These updates are designed to prepare students better for higher education and future careers.
CBSE’s new syllabus and evaluation methods mark a significant step toward modernizing India’s education system. With flexible exam options, skill-based courses, and an improved grading system, students will have greater opportunities for success and holistic learning experiences.
